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Print.
Empire, Ottoman. Azmi Özcan.Encyclopedia of Western Colonialism since 1450. Ed. Thomas Benjamin. Vol. 1. Detroit: Macmillan
Reference USA, 2007. p407-416. Word Count: 5999.
Empire, Ottoman. Ernest Tucker.History of World Trade Since 1450. Ed. John J. McCusker. Vol. 1. Detroit: Macmillan Reference
USA,2006. p240-244. Word Count: 2497.
Empires: Ottoman. Donald Quataert.Encyclopedia of Islam and the Muslim World. Ed. Richard C. Martin. Vol. 1. New York:
Macmillan Reference USA, 2004. p214-217. Word Count: 2031.
Encyclopedia of Russian History. James R. Millar, ed. New York: Macmillan Reference USA, 2004. 1507 pp. 4 vols.
Europe Since 1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of War and Reconstruction.John Merriman and Jay Winter, eds. Detroit: Charles Scribner's
Sons, 2006. 3135 pp. 5 vols.
Gale Encyclopedia of World History: War. Detroit: Gale, 2008. 2 vols.
History in Dispute. Dennis Showalter, ed. Vol. 8: World War I: First Series. Detroit: St. James Press, 2002. 353 pp.
Guinness, Paul. "The Causes of World War I." History for the IB Diploma: Causes, Practices and Effects of Wars. N.p.: n.p., 2011. 7-34.
Print.
History in Dispute. Dennis Showalter, ed. Vol. 9: World War I: Second Series.Detroit: St. James Press, 2002. 367 pp.
McDonough, Frank. The Origins of the First and Second World Wars. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 2007.
Kuran, Timur. "The Logic of the Ottoman Capitulations." Islam and Economic Underdevelopment. Ed. Timur Kuran. N.p.: n.p., n.d. N.
pag. Islam and Economic Underdevelopment. 4 May 2005. Web. 14 Sept. 2013.
Ottoman Empire: Debt. Donald Quataert.Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa. Ed. Philip Mattar. Vol. 3. 2nd ed.
New York:Macmillan Reference USA, 2004. p1735-1737. Word Count: 761.
Ottoman Empire. Committee of Union and Progress. Committee of Union and Progress.Proclamation for the Ottoman Empire. By
Committee of Union and Progress. Istanbul: n.p., 1908. Modern History Sourcebook. Fordham University. Web. 14 Sept. 2013.
Ottoman Empire.Encyclopedia of Invasions and Conquests: From Ancient Times to the Present. Ed. Paul Davis. 2nd ed. Millerton, NY:
Grey House Publishing, 2006. p171-174. Word Count: 1097.
Ottoman Empire. COLIN IMBER.Europe, 1450 to 1789: Encyclopedia of the Early Modern World. Ed. Jonathan Dewald. Vol. 4. New
York:Charles Scribner's Sons, 2004. p347-356. Word Count: 5529.
Ottoman Empire.Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa. Ed. Philip Mattar. Vol. 3. 2nd ed. New York:Macmillan
Reference USA, 2004. p1728. Word Count: 29.
Ottoman Empire: France and Austria-Hungary. Mark L. Stein.Encyclopedia of Western Colonialism since 1450. Ed. Thomas Benjamin.
Vol. 2. Detroit: Macmillan Reference USA, 2007. p883-887. Word Count: 3275.
Ottoman Empire.Gale Encyclopedia of World History: Governments. Vol. 1. Detroit: Gale, 2008. Word Count: 2008.
Ottoman Empire.International Encyclopedia of the Social Sciences. Ed. William A. Darity, Jr. Vol. 6. 2nd ed. Detroit:Macmillan
Reference USA, 2008. p83-85. Word Count: 1078.
Ottoman Empire. Kate Clow.Encyclopedia of Modern Asia. Ed. Karen Christensen and David Levinson. Vol. 4. New York: Charles
Scribner's Sons, 2002. p398-401. Word Count: 1426.
Ottoman Empire. MARIA TODOROVA.Europe 1789-1914: Encyclopedia of the Age of Industry and Empire. Ed. John Merriman and
Jay Winter. Vol. 3. Detroit: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2006. p1681-1692. Word Count: 5570.
Ottoman Empire: Overview. Donald Quataert.Encyclopedia of the Modern Middle East and North Africa. Ed. Philip Mattar. Vol. 3.
2nd ed. New York:Macmillan Reference USA, 2004. p1728-1734. Word Count: 2198.
Ottoman Empire.Renaissance: An Encyclopedia for Students. Ed. Paul F. Grendler. Vol. 3. New York: Charles Scribner's Sons, 2004.
p132-134. Word Count: 772.
Peaple, Simon. European Diplomacy 1870-1939. Oxford: Heinemann, 2002.
The Long Decline: From the Ottoman Empire to the Mandate System.Middle East Conflict Reference Library. Ed. Sara Pendergast,
Ralph G. Zerbonia, and Tom Pendergast. Vol. 1: Almanac. Detroit: UXL, 2006. p20-39. Word Count: 5793.
Treaty of Alliance between Germany and Turkey. 14 September 2013.
Treaty of Berlin, 1878. 14 September 2013.
Trumpener, Ulrich. "The Ottoman Empire." The Origins of World War I. N.p.: n.p., n.d. 337-55. Print.
World War I Reference Library. Sara Pendergast, Christine Slovey, and Tom Pendergast, eds. Detroit: UXL, 2002. 626 pp. 4 vols.
Worldmark Encyclopedia of the Nations. Timothy L. Gall and Jeneen M. Hobby, eds.12thed. Detroit: Gale, 2007. 3323 pp. 5 vols.